Fatty liver, or hepatic steatosis or simple steatosis, is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis (i.e., abnormal retention of lipids within a cell). Despite having multiple causes, fatty liver can be considered a single disease that occurs worldwide in those with excessive alcohol intake and the obese (with or without effects of insulin resistance). The condition is also associated with other diseases that influence fat metabolism. When this process of fat metabolism is disrupted, the fat can accumulate in the liver in excessive amounts, thus resulting in a fatty liver. It is difficult to distinguish alcoholic FLD, which is part of alcoholic liver disease, from nonalcoholic FLD (NAFLD), and both show microvesicular and macrovesicular fatty changes at different stages.

In the present book, twelve typical literatures about fatty liver disease published on international authoritative journals were selected to introduce the worldwide newest progress, which contains reviews or original researches on grades of fatty liver, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver histology, liver enzymes and metabolic syndrome, etc. We hope this book can demonstrate advances in fatty liver disease as well as give references to the researchers, students and other related people.

• Chapter 1
  Helicobacter pylori infection is not associated with fatty liver disease including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a large-scale cross-sectional study in Japan
• Chapter 2
  Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and cognitive performance indexes are associated with histologic markers of liver disease in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case control study
• Chapter 3
  Reference range of liver corrected T1 values in a population at low risk for fatty liver disease—a UK Biobank sub-study, with an appendix of interesting cases
• Chapter 4
  Differential DNA methylation of genes involved in fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease
• Chapter 5
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
• Chapter 6
  Effects of dapagliflozin and n-3 carboxylic acids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled study
• Chapter 7
  Clinical assessment of hepatic de novo lipogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Chapter 8
  Hepcidin levels correlate to liver iron content, but not steatohepatitis, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Chapter 9
  The association of circulating levels of complement-C1q TNF-related protein 5 (CTRP5) with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: a case–control study
• Chapter 10
  Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy accurately quantifies various degrees of liver steatosis in murine models of fatty liver disease
• Chapter 11
  Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is associated with impairment of Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL)
• Chapter 12
  Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in four different weight related patient groups: association with small bowel length and risk factors